A dilute solution of bromine is added to samples of heptane and cyclohexene. The bromination reactions and mechanisms are compared. UV light splits the bromine molecule into two reactive radicals, ...

Lipid nanoparticles made from lipids optimized via directed chemical evolution show high performance as mRNA delivery vehicles.

This causes a smoky flame. Alkenes have a functional group C=C – the part of the molecule that takes part in reactions. Alkanes, in contrast, do not have a functional group and are less reactive ...

To enhance mRNA distribution, Penn engineers have created an ideal “recipe” for ionizable lipids, which are essential ...

Researchers have cooked up a new way to improve mRNA delivery, developing an optimal 'recipe' for ionizable lipids - key ingredients in lipid nanoparticles, the molecules behind the COVID-19 vaccines ...

By fine-tuning the reaction parameters of the vinyl ketone ... feedstock chemicals including carboxylic acids, alcohols, and alkanes, which were previously difficult or impossible to create.