and mechanisms of action before proceeding to animal studies and clinical trials. Cell culture is a crucial technology for the production of vaccines. Many viral vaccines, such as those for influenza, ...

Thus, non-animal source products for cell culture have become an essential feature of the biopharmaceutical production process. In addition, the growing worldwide shortage and consequent price ...

Offering a bridge between traditional 2D techniques and animal models, 3D cell culture is providing a wealth of new opportunities. These tiny clusters of cells are advancing understanding of ...

Pulsed electrical fields can be used to introduce DNA into a wide variety of animal cells 1,2. Electroporation works well with cell lines that are refractive to other techniques, such as calcium ...