Included in the cohort were 346 consecutive patients with common bile duct stones ... adhesion with obscured anatomy, 3) impacted stone, 4) laparoscopic failure, 5) rupture of the cystic duct ...

Included in this prospective study cohort were all patients with CBDS and gallbladder stones treated with laparoscopic common bile duct stone extraction (LCBDE) at the Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital ...