Transport of molecules within a cell and out of the cell requires a complex endomembrane system. Endocytosis occurs when the cell membrane engulfs particles (dark blue) outside the cell ...

This takes place when molecules diffuse across the cell membrane by travelling through specific transport proteins. It occurs down a concentration gradient - molecules move from an area of high to ...

Transport across membranes All cells are enclosed by a cell membrane, which is selectively permeable. Molecules can move into or out of cells by diffusion and active transport. Cells can gain or ...

In nature, plant roots are always colonized by fungi. This interaction can be either mutualistic, benefiting both the plant ...

Researchers have identified two fungal enzymes that hijack the immune system of plants and colonize their root systems.