The shapefiles were derived from the original 1:10,000,000 paper map (Brown et al. 1997) Permafrost, or permanently frozen ground, is ground (soil, sediment, or rock) that remains at or below 0°C for ...

The map consists of ESRI Shapefiles of landscape polygons (in landscape unit types) for the Russian Arctic coastal zone (scale 1:4,000,000 ... Large polygons enclosing islands, or continental land ...

MacNab, and B.Coakley, New grid of Arctic bathymetry aids scientists and map makers ... by upwelling and diapycnal mixing over the continental margin, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32(18), L18609 (2005c).

Though it had little scientific significance, the stunt infuriated other Arctic nations and kicked the international rush to map out claims ... called the “extended continental shelf ...