The Earth has a layered structure, including the core, mantle and crust. The crust and upper mantle are cracked into large pieces called tectonic plates. These plates move slowly, but can cause ...

A surface wave travels along the surface of the Earth. It is the slowest of the three types of seismic wave. Surface waves usually have larger amplitude than the other waves and cause the most damage.

Differences in seismic wave paths through layers of Earth ... evidence has been inconsistent with our current models of Earth's structure. The presence of an innermost layer has been suspected ...

This book presents the mathematical foundations of scalar- and vector-wave scattering in random media ... for outstanding contributions to seismology and the development of new insights into ...

It's tricky to make assumptions about rock types and movement based on seismic wave movement ... connections between shallow and deep Earth structure and the overall processes driving our planet ...