since by his side stood Jacques Étienne Joseph Alexandre Macdonald (1765-1840), the son of a Jacobite refugee who rose to be a Marshall of the French Empire. Napoleon knew very well where General ...
and several German states formed the Sixth Coalition and defeated the First French Empire. But despite his best efforts, Napoleon never rose to power again. After his loss at Waterloo, Napoleon ...
to epitomize the artistic splendor of the 1804-1815 French First Empire of Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821). Napoleon started his military career in the service of the First French Republic ...
On Saturday, June 18th, 1815, one of Napoleon’s most trusted generals failed him. In what ended up being the end of the Napoleonic Wars and the First French Empire, France lost the Battle of ...
Volume I of The Cambridge History of the Napoleonic Wars covers the international foreign political dimensions of the wars and the social, legal, political and economic structures of the Empire.