CSW leads to serum hyponatremia and hypovolemia as a result of SAH or other intracranial disease (Harrigan, 2001). CSW was first described in 1950, after symptoms of volume contraction and ...

In this article, you'll learn what can cause shock, what symptoms spell emergency for each type, the first-line treatments when facing an emergency from shock, and more. Shock can be grouped into four ...