At this time, western music was almost the sole property of the Christian Church ... previous century's vocal art, and capture all the joy, hope, pain and heartbreak of courtly romance. The secular ...

In the Middle Ages, flowers and plants were imbued with rich symbolism, deeply connected to religion, culture, and literature ...

Despite a rise in the depiction of secular subjects encouraged by a renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman art, Christian subjects continued to dominate artistic production throughout the ...

This language was the only cross-border medium for oral and written communication (lingua franca) in the European Middle Ages. Its spread throughout Europe was essentially due to the spread of the ...