Natural history of esophageal varices. In Recent Advances in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Portal Hypertension (eds Bosch, J. & Rodès, J.) 127–142 (Serono Symposia Review, Rome ...

Nonselective beta blockers or endoscopic band ligation (EVL) are recommended for primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in patients with esophageal varices. However, it has been found that ...

Because the present method is easy to perform and causes less pain to patients compared to endoscopy, it is useful for following and assessing esophageal varices in patients with liver cirrhosis.