Isoelectric focusing (IEF) separates proteins in a pH gradient. Each protein is 'focused' because it moves under the influence of the electric field until it reaches its isoelectric point ...

pH is a measure of how acidic or alkaline a solution is. The diagram below shows what happens to an enzyme when denaturation occurs. Each enzyme has an optimum pH but it also has a working range ...

If you have a meticulous skincare routine, you know that personal skincare products (PSCPs) are a big business. The PSCP ...