(4) The fourth and most often used technique is stopwatch time study. Stopwatch time study is the most popular method of work measurement. It was first developed by Frederick W. Taylor before the turn ...

WHAT YOU NEED: Two or three people, two blocks of wood, a stopwatch, a notepad and pen ... However, this experimental method is flawed because of human reaction time when using the stop clock.

Efficacy outcomes included time to onset of pain relief, as measured by the stopwatch method (primary outcome), pain intensity, pain relief, rescue medication, ability to perform daily activities ...