Varicose veins (VVs) classically result from venous hypertension owing to incompetence of the major communications between the superficial and deep veins of the lower extremity. In a significant ...

The venous anatomy of the lower leg is made up of two axial systems ... fascia in the subcutaneous tissues. The principal veins in the superficial system are the great saphenous vein (GSV ...

The vein’s primary task is to drain deoxygenated blood from the foot, as well as superficial parts of the leg and knee (closer ... and deeper veins of the lower limbs back to the heart.