We know today that Wnt and a handful of other signalling systems (Notch, Hedgehog, TGFβ (transforming growth factor-β)–BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) and receptor tyrosine kinases ...

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity (OB) are associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and increased fracture risk. In vitro studies showed that inflammation induces bone erosion and inhibits bone ...

In cell culture, for instance, upregulating a putative coreceptor for Wnt nudged mesenchymal stem cells to change into osteoblasts, bone-forming cells. For their experiments, the investigators ...