Whisker (metallurgy) - Wikipedia
Metal whiskers form in the presence of compressive stress. Germanium, zinc, cadmium, and even lead whiskers have been documented. [1] Many techniques are used to mitigate the problem, including changes to the annealing process (heating and cooling), the addition of elements like copper and nickel, and the inclusion of conformal coatings. [2]
Other Metal Whiskers - NASA
This section of the www site is a repository for reference information on whiskers that may form on metal finishes OTHER than pure Tin. Follow the LITERATURE REFERENCES Link for a comprehensive listing of TIN whisker reference materials.
H. Cobb (Aircraft Radio Corp.) published earliest known account of CADMIUM whiskers on cadmium-coated variable air capacitor plates. Cd whiskers induced electrical shorting in military aircraft radio equipment. These events occurred during WW II (~1942 – 1943)
Cadmium whiskers observed in the kind of electrical switch being planned for flight to HST, and in a test feedthru. Zinc whiskers shorted out about 75% of the computer equipment in a particular work center in the summer of 2005: the root cause was only identified in Feb 2006.
2012年4月17日 · earliest “known” account of CADMIUM whiskers inducing electrical shorting between plates of air capacitors used in military equipment. These events occurred during World War II (~1942 – 1943) •
Formation and evolution mechanism of metal whiskers in extreme ...
2023年9月1日 · The first record of metal whiskers occurred in the early 1940s, reported by Bell Labs Cobb of the United States, which put forward the conception and problems of metal whiskers to public. 9 They claimed that cadmium whiskers were the major reason of short circuit in military equipment, and proposed to replace cadmium with tin and zinc to ...
Metal coatings, especially of tin, zinc and cadmium, are unpredictably susceptible to the formation of electrically conductive, crystalline filaments referred to as metal whiskers. The use of such coatings in and around electrical systems presents a risk of electrical shorting. Examples of metal whisker formation are
Produce Shorts in Areas REMOTE From Whisker Origins Example: zinc whiskers are often detached from zinc-coated raised floor tiles by physical handling. Once detached they are re-distributed by air currents into nearby electronic assemblies.
During WWII the electroplated material of choice for electrical components was electroplated cadmium (Cd). Repeated failures of electrical hardware led to a finding that many failures were due to shorting from cadmium whiskers. These findings …
Microstructural Analysis of Cadmium Whiskers on Long-Term
2021年11月16日 · A survey of cadmium plated field return hardware showed ubiquitous cadmium whisker growth. The most worn and debris-covered hardware showed the densest whisker growth. Whiskers were often found growing in agglomerates of nodules and whiskers.