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  1. This construction is called the Ablative Absolute. 1 Caesar, acceptīs litterīs, nūntium mittit. (B. G. 5.46) Having received the letter, Cæsar sends a messenger.
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    This construction is called the Ablative Absolute. 1 Caesar, acceptīs litterīs, nūntium mittit. (B. G. 5.46) Having received the letter, Cæsar sends a messenger.
    dcc.dickinson.edu/grammar/latin/ablative-absolute

    For example:

    • ad rēgem (Acc) 'to the king' (used with a verb of motion such as 'goes' or 'sends')
    • ā rēge (Abl.) 'by the king', 'from the king'
    • cum eō (Abl.) 'with him'
    • ex urbe (Abl.) 'from/out of the city'
    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_syntax

    In Late Latin, absolute clauses also appear in the nominative and accusative cases, even in conjunction with an ablative absolute:

    • Benedicens nos episcopus, profecti sumus With the bishop blessing us, we departed. (4th century, Peregrinatio Egeriae 16.7)
    • Machinis constructis, omniaque genera tormentorum adhibita, ... With the machines built, and with all types of torture devices in use... (6th century, Jordanes) [7]
    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_construction
  2. The Ablative Absolute | Department of Classics - Ohio State …

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  6. Rule 57: The Ablative Absolute - LatinTutorial

  7. Learn How to Form the Ablative Absolute in Latin - BrightHub …