Archaeology | Definition, History, Types, & Facts | Britannica
2024年10月30日 · Archaeological investigations are a principal source of knowledge of prehistoric, ancient, and extinct culture. The word comes from the Greek archaia (“ancient things”) and logos (“theory” or “science”).
Archaeology - Interpretation, Context, Evidence | Britannica
2024年10月30日 · For the prehistoric period, which now appears to stretch from 2,000,000 years ago to about 3000 bce, archaeological evidence is the only source of knowledge about human activities. But prehistoric remains have always been the most difficult to interpret, precisely because there are no written records to aid in the task.
Anthropology - Archaeology, Culture, Evolution | Britannica
2024年10月30日 · Historians concentrate specifically on the evidence of written texts, while archaeologists directly examine all aspects of a society’s material culture—its architecture, art, and artifacts, including texts—the material objects made, used, and discarded by human beings.
Archaeology and its subfields | Britannica
Archaeological investigations are a principal source of modern knowledge of prehistoric, ancient, and extinct cultures. The field emerged as an academic discipline in the late 19th century, following centuries of haphazard antiquarian collecting.
Inscriptions as historical source material - Encyclopedia Britannica
Epigraphy - Ancient Inscriptions, Archaeology, Historiography: In studying the political, administrative, legislative, and dynastic records of extinct civilizations, modern historians must bring to bear all the evidence at their disposal; and such evidence may vary sharply from one locality and period to another.
History of Mesopotamia - Archaeology, Excavations, Ancient ...
2024年11月13日 · The history of archaeological research in Mesopotamia falls into four categories, represented by phases of differing lengths: the first, and by far the longest, begins with the French expedition to Nineveh (1842) and Khorsabad (the ancient Dur Sharrukin, 20 miles northeast of modern Mosul; 1843–55) and that of the English to Nineveh (1846 ...
Definition, History, Branches, & Methodology - Britannica
2024年10月1日 · historiography, the writing of history, especially the writing of history based on the critical examination of sources, the selection of particular details from the authentic materials in those sources, and the synthesis of those details into a …
History of Mesopotamia | Definition, Civilization, Summary, …
2024年11月13日 · History of Mesopotamia, the region in southwestern Asia where the world’s earliest civilization developed. Centered between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, the region in ancient times was home to several civilizations, including …
Archaeology - Excavation, Artifacts, Sites | Britannica
2024年10月30日 · Archaeology - Excavation, Artifacts, Sites: Excavation is the surgical aspect of archaeology: it is surgery of the buried landscape and is carried out with all the skilled craftsmanship that has been built up in the last hundred …
Archaeology - Excavation, Dating, Artifacts | Britannica
2024年10月30日 · Archaeology - Excavation, Dating, Artifacts: The development of scientific archaeology in 19th-century Europe from the antiquarianism and treasure collecting of the previous three centuries was due to three things: a geological revolution, an antiquarian revolution, and the propagation of the doctrine of evolution.