El Niño - National Geographic Society
2023年10月19日 · Scientists use the Oceanic Nino Index (ONI) to measure deviations from normal sea-surface temperatures. El Niño events are indicated by sea surface temperature increases of more than 0.9° Fahrenheit for at least five successive three-month seasons.
What You Need to Know about El Niño - National Geographic …
2015年10月26日 · El Niño is the “warm phase” of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The cool phase, La Niña, is characterized by unusually cool ocean surface currents. El Niño and La Niña can be thought of as the ocean part of ENSO, while the Southern Oscillation can be thought of as the atmospheric part of the phenomenon.
El Niño is a climate pattern that describes the unusual warming of surface waters along the tropical west coast of South America. El Nino has an impact on ocean temperatures, the speed and strength of ocean currents, the health of coastal fisheries, and local weather from Australia to South America.
La Niña - Education | National Geographic Society
2023年10月19日 · La Niña is considered to be the counterpart to El Niño, which is characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the equatorial region of the Pacific Ocean. Together, La Niña and El Niño are the "cold" (La Niña) and "warm" (El Niño) phases of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO).
Education | National Geographic Society
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FAST FACTS. Climate change leading to increases in ocean temperatures, evaporation of seawater, and glacial and sea ice melting could create an influx of warm freshwater onto the …
Wind - Education | National Geographic Society
Winds generally blow from high-pressure areas to low-pressure areas. The boundary between these two areas is called a front. The complex relationships between fronts cause different types of wind and weather patterns. Prevailing winds are winds that blow from a single direction over a specific area of the Earth.
The Coriolis Effect: Earth's Rotation and Its Effect on Weather
2023年10月19日 · The Coriolis effect is a natural event in which objects seem to get deflected while traveling around and above Earth. The planet Earth is constantly rotating, or spinning, from west to east. Every 24 hours, it completes a full rotation. This rotation causes the Coriolis effect.
Climatology - Education | National Geographic Society
2023年10月19日 · Additionally, climatologists look at natural changes in air and ocean currents like El Niño and La Niña, which are phases in a fluctuating cycle of air and ocean temperature over the Pacific Ocean. The oscillation between the warm El Niño and the cold La Niña phases affect climates around the world.
Gulf of Oil: Endangered Wetlands - Education
2024年9月16日 · The wetlands bordering the Gulf of Mexico have tremendous natural resources, including oil reserves. But the wetlands are threatened by many human-made intrusions, some specifically caused by the oil industry.