Cybernetics has been defined in a variety of ways, reflecting "the richness of its conceptual base." One of the best k… 展开

The Ancient Greek term κυβερνητικός (kubernētikos, '(good at) steering') appears in Plato's Republic and Alcibiades, where the metaphor of a steersman is used to signify the governance of people. The French word cybernétique wa… 展开

The initial focus of cybernetics was on parallels between regulatory feedback processes in biological and technological systems. Two foundational articles were published in 1943: "Behavior, Purpose and Teleology" by Ar… 展开

The central theme in cybernetics is feedback. Feedback is a process where the observed outcomes of actions are taken as inputs for further action in ways that support the pursuit, maintenance, or disruption of particular conditi… 展开

Cybernetics' central concept of circular causality is of wide applicability, leading to diverse applications and relations with other fields. Many of the initial applications of cybernetics focused on engineering, biology, and exchanges … 展开

Academic journals with focuses in cybernetics include:
• Constructivist Foundations
• Cybernetics and Human Knowing
• Cybernetics and Systems… 展开

• Automation
• Artificial intelligence
• Autonomous agency theory
• Complex systems… 展开